संघीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्रात्मक नेपाल Sanghiya Loktantrik Ganatantratmak Nepāl Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal
Flag Coat of arms Motto: "Mother and Motherland are Greater than Heaven" Anthem: "Sayaun Thunga Phool Ka"
Capital (and largest city) Kathmandu (Nepali: काठमांडौ) 27°42′N, 85°19′E Official languages Nepali[1] Recognised regional languages Maithili, Nepal Bhasa, Bhojpuri, Tharu, Gurung, Tamang, Magar, Awadhi, Sherpa, Kiranti and another 100 different indigenous languages. Demonym Nepali Government Federal Republic  -  President Ram Baran Yadav  -  Vice President Parmanand Jha  -  Prime Minister Girija Prasad Koirala Unification  -  Kingdom declared December 21, 1768   -  State declared January 15, 2007   -  Republic declared May 28, 2008  Area  -  Total 147,181 km² (93rd) 56,827 sq mi   -  Water (%) 2.8	Population  -  July 2008 estimate 29,519,114 (40th)  -  2003 census 23,151,423   -  Density 184/km² (56th) 477/sq mi GDP (PPP) 2006 estimate  -  Total $48.18 billion (87th)  -  Per capita $1,500 (164th) Gini (2003–04) 47.2 (high)  HDI (2007) ▲ 0.534 (medium) (142nd) Currency Rupee (NPR) Time zone NPT (UTC+5:45)  -  Summer (DST) not observed (UTC+5:45) Internet TLD .np Calling code +977

Nepal (Nepali: नेपाल [neˈpaːl] (help·info)), is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is bordered by China to the north and by India to the south, east and west. The Himalaya mountain range runs across Nepal's northern and western parts, and eight of the world's ten highest mountains, including the highest, Mount Everest, are within its territory.

The modern state was formed with the Unification of Nepal by Prithvi Narayan Shah on December 21, 1768. Prior to 2006, Nepal was a kingdom. It was also the only nation with Hinduism as its official religion.[citation needed] At present, Nepal is officially a federal democratic republic.[citation needed] Its recent history has involved struggles for democratic government with periods of direct monarchic rule. From 1995 until 2006, Nepal suffered from a Civil War between government forces and guerrillas of the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist).
On December 28, 2007, the Interim Parliament passed a bill and declared Nepal to be a Federal Democratic Republic. The first meeting of the Constituent Assembly officially implemented that declaration on May 28, 2008.

Nepal is a multi-cultural, multi-linguistic and multi religious country. For a relatively small country, Nepal has a diverse landscape, ranging from the humid Terai plains in the south to the mountainous Himalayas in the north, which makes it a major tourist destination. Hinduism is practiced by a huge majority of the people, but the country also has a strong Buddhist tradition; Lumbini, the birthplace of Buddha Siddhartha Gautama is located in the Terai, one of the three regions of Nepal.

The capital Kathmandu is the largest city in the country. The official language is Nepali and the state currency is the Nepalese Rupee (NPR). Nepal's Flag is the only national flag in the world that is non-quadrilateral in shape. One tradition relates that Lord Vishnu organized the Nepali people and gave them the flag, with its sun and moon emblems.[2] In a Hindu Purana, it is written that it was Lord Shiva who handed the flag to Lord Vishnu, and then Lord Vishnu to Lord Indra, for the purpose for battling demons